Who Can See Your Credit Report?

Your credit report can and most likely will be reviewed by anyone planning to give you a loan or credit, such as banks and credit unions, credit card issuers, auto financing companies, and insurance companies. Your report also may be checked by landlords and potential employers. Some lenders may also use the details in your report to determine how much credit they are willing to offer you and at what rate. Anyone with a legitimate business need can access your credit report, though an employer (or prospective employer) typically requires your written consent to do so.

What’s in your credit report?

Although each credit reporting agency formats and reports this information differently, all credit reports contain basically the same categories of information. Your social security number, date of birth and employment information are used to identify you. These factors are not used in credit scoring. Updates to this information come from information you supply to lenders.

• Identifying Information.
  Your name, address, Social Security number, date of birth and employment information are used to identify you. These factors are not used in credit scoring. Updates to this information come from information you supply to lenders.
• Trade Lines.
  These are your credit accounts. Lenders report on each account you have established with them. They report the type of account (bankcard, auto loan, mortgage, etc), the date you opened the account, your credit limit or loan amount, the account balance and your payment history.
• Credit Inquiries.
  When you apply for a loan, you authorize your lender to ask for a copy of your credit report. This is how inquiries appear on your credit report. The inquiries section contains a list of everyone who accessed your credit report within the last two years. The report you see lists both "voluntary" inquiries, spurred by your own requests for credit, and "involuntary" inquires, such as when lenders order your report so as to make you a pre-approved credit offer in the mail.
• Public Record and Collection Items.
  Credit reporting agencies also collect public record information from state and county courts, and information on overdue debt from collection agencies. Public record information includes bankruptcies, foreclosures, suits, wage attachments, liens and judgments.

How is the information used?

The federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) allows companies to buy your credit information if they are considering transactions with you related to credit, employment, insurance, investing, government licensing, or other “legitimate business need.” The purpose, in general, is to assess your past financial responsibility, but insurance companies have stretched that to include predicting the likelihood that you will file an insurance claim, based on confidential credit-based scoring models

Deciphering Your Credit Report

The credit history shows your name, address, Social Security number and birth date; your open accounts, with balances and credit limits; whether you pay them on time or not; whether any of them are or were turned over for collection; any suits, judgments, or tax liens; and so on. It may also include, according to {Your Credit Rating}, your employer, position, and income; your former address and former employer; your spouse's name, SSN, employer, and income; and whether you rent or own your home.

A separate key or explanation should be included with the report you receive. Sit down and spend some time with it. If you gave it an honest try and it still seems like Sanskrit, you might ask a trusted friend to go over it with you.

Creditors and Others Report to the Three Credit Reporting Agencies

How long does it take for an event (positive or negative) to show up on my credit report? Suppose you've just paid off a large loan and you're applying for a car loan or a mortgage. It would be nice to know that the lender who pulls your report will see that the old loan was paid off.

However, credit grantors' contracts with credit reporting agencies may or may not specify a timetable for grantors to report new information to the bureau. If the credit grantors are tardy, there's not much the credit reporting agency can or will do, since those same credit grantors are also the customers of the credit reporting agency. Also, credit reporting agencies may gather information directly from public records, on any schedule they please.

The answer to this Q, as a practical matter, is that there is no time limit for posting information. In fact, you don't have a legal right to insist on any report being made at all. (You can get false items corrected, but you can't legally insist on omitted information being added.) If you've actually paid off a debt that is still reported as unpaid, about all you can do is go through the procedure in our document, Note that you can certainly provide the credit grantor with documents that show the loan was repaid. I did this at the time of my mortgage with two accounts that showed as 'open.'

The Impact of Credit Inquiries

Whenever you or anyone else asks for a copy of your credit report, the request is supposed to be noted as part of your credit history. If you apply for lots of credit cards in a short time, this will produce a flurry of "inquiry" notes on your credit report. Lenders often turn this around and assume that a flurry of inquiries means you've recently applied for lots of credit, so they turn you down on that basis even though the inference is not strictly valid.

If a lender cites "excessive inquiries" as a reason for turning you down, this is what has happened. The lender has guidelines for how many inquiries in what period of time is too many. Unfortunately, you have no legal right to challenge this policy or even to know what the specific criteria may be.

Don't give your name or address to a merchant until you're actually ready to apply for credit there. Some merchants illegally run credit checks on you as soon as they have your name and address, even though you have not applied for credit, to give them an idea of what to sell you and how. (I'm told many car dealers do this.)

I don't know what legal recourse, if any, you have against unauthorized inquiries.

If lender A sees inquiries from B, C, and D but no new accounts, A may assume that B, C, and D turned you down for credit. Figuring "better safe than sorry," A may then turn you down just because it assumes B, C, and D turned you down. Again, this is a judgment call on the part of A, and you have no legal right to challenge it. If you have not applied for any credit recently but have been, say, looking at cars at several dealerships, you might want to let the lender know this in case it's taking unauthorized inquiries into account.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this site is not legal advice. All information is general information, some of which pertains to legal issues involved in the subject matter. Credit Matters Inc. is not a law firm and is not a substitute for an attorney or law firm. Your access to and use of this site is subject to additional terms and conditions.

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